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译介项目十五

葡萄牙城市民谣法朵

Fado, urban popular song of Portugal

图1 葡萄牙城市民谣法朵

　　项目基本信息

　　入选年份：2011

　　申报国家：葡萄牙共和国

　　名录名册类型：人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录

图2 葡萄牙城市民谣法朵

　　英文简介

Fado is a performance genre incorporating music and poetry widely practised by various communities in Lisbon. It represents a Portuguese multicultural synthesis of Afro-Brazilian sung dances, local traditional genres of song and dance, musical traditions from rural areas of the country brought by successive waves of internal immigration, and the cosmopolitan urban song patterns of the early nineteenth century. Fado songs are usually performed by a solo singer, male or female, traditionally accompanied by a wire-strung acoustic guitar and the Portuguese guitarra – a pear-shaped cittern with twelve wire strings, unique to Portugal, which also has an extensive solo repertoire. The past few decades have witnessed this instrumental accompaniment expanded to two Portuguese guitars, a guitar and a bass guitar. Fado is performed professionally on the concert circuit and in small ‘Fado houses’, and by amateurs in numerous grass-root associations located throughout older neighbourhoods of Lisbon. Informal tuition by older, respected exponents takes place in traditional performance spaces and often over successive generations within the same families. The dissemination of Fado through emigration and the world music circuit has reinforced its image as a symbol of Portuguese identity, leading to a process of cross-cultural exchange involving other musical traditions.

图3 葡萄牙城市民谣法朵

　　中文简介

法朵是一种融音乐和诗歌为一体的表演类型，在里斯本不同社区广泛流行。它是葡萄牙多元文化融合的综合体，包括非裔巴西人歌舞、地方传统歌舞、连续国内移民潮带来的乡村地区音乐传统，以及十九世纪早期国际化城市的歌曲模式。法朵歌曲通常由男女独唱歌手表演，传统上由钢弦原声吉他和葡萄牙吉他（一种独特的葡萄牙梨形十二弦西特琴，具有丰富的独奏曲目）伴奏。近几十年，这种乐器伴奏扩展为两把葡萄牙吉他，包括一把吉他和一把低音吉他。专业的法朵表演包括巡回音乐会形式、小型“法朵屋”形式；遍布里斯本老城区的许多基层协会的业余表演者也表演法朵。年长、受尊重的法朵能手在传统的表演空间里进行非正式的传授，讲授常常是在同一家族的连续几代人之间进行。通过移民和世界巡演传播法朵，强化了它作为葡萄牙文化认同象征的形象，从而促进了融合其他音乐传统的跨文化交流。

译介项目十六

阿尔赫梅西的健康圣母节庆典

Festivity of ‘la Mare de Déu de la Salut’ of Algemesí

图4 阿尔赫梅西的健康圣母节庆典

　　项目基本信息

　　入选年份：2011

　　申报国家：西班牙王国

　　名录名册类型：人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录

图5 阿尔赫梅西的健康圣母节庆典

　　英文简介

The Festivity of ‘la Mare de Déu de la Salut’ is celebrated in Algemesí in the Province of Valencia, Spain. Every 7 and 8 September almost 1,400 people participate in theatre, music, dance and performances organized in the historical areas of the city: Valencia, La Muntanya, Santa Barbara and La Capella. Processions run from the Basílica Menor de San Jaime to the Capella de la Troballa. The festivities commence with bell-ringing from the basilica followed by a parade. The Schola Cantorum choir and orchestra perform vespers in the evening at the basilica, followed by bell-ringing and the Procession of the Betrothed, which features Els Misteris (short, religious theatrical pieces performed by children) human towers with traditional musical accompaniment, and dance performances. The next day, giant puppets representing the King and Queen of Aragon, James I and his wife Violante of Hungary, join the morning procession, while the General Grand Procession features representations of biblical characters and songs of the apostles. The involvement of the town’s inhabitants is the foundation for the continuity of this celebration. All costumes, ornaments and accessories are handcrafted, and the dances and musical scores are passed from generation to generation.

图6 阿尔赫梅西的健康圣母节庆典

　　中文简介

阿尔赫梅西的健康圣母节庆典在西班牙的瓦伦西亚省举行。在瓦伦西亚省阿尔赫梅西市的四个历史城区：瓦伦西亚、穆恩坦亚、圣塔芭芭拉和卡佩拉，每年9月7日和8日，近1400人参加戏剧、音乐和舞蹈表演，庆祝健康圣母节。游行从圣詹姆斯的长方形大教堂到特罗贝拉的小教堂。节庆活动从大教堂鸣钟开始，随后是游行。圣乐学校唱诗班和乐团在大教堂进行晚祷，其后是鸣钟和未婚夫妻的游行，其特点包括儿童表演短小的、宗教性的戏剧片断，传统音乐伴奏的叠人塔，以及舞蹈表演。第二天，代表阿拉贡国王和王后詹姆斯一世及其夫人匈牙利的维奥兰特的巨型木偶也加入到上午的游行中，全体大游行是以圣经人物和使徒歌曲表演为特色。城镇居民的参与是庆典得以持续的基础。全部的服装、装饰品和配饰都是手工制作的，舞蹈和音乐曲谱也是代代相传下来的。