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译介项目二十一

尼杰莫克罗，达尔马提亚内陆地区的无声圆圈舞

Nijemo Kolo, silent circle dance of the Dalmatian hinterland

图1 尼杰莫克罗，达尔马提亚内陆地区的无声圆圈舞

项目基本信息

入选年份：2011

申报国家：克罗地亚共和国

名录名册类型：人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录

图2 尼杰莫克罗，达尔马提亚内陆地区的无声圆圈舞

英文简介

The Nijemo Kolo is practised by communities in the Dalmatian hinterland, in southern Croatia. Nijemo Kolo is performed in a closed circle with male dancers leading female partners in energetic, spontaneous steps – the male dancer publicly testing the skills of his female partner, seemingly without defined rules. The steps and figures, often vigorous and impressive, depend on the mood and desire of the participants. The defining feature of the silent circle dance is that it is performed exclusively without music, although vocal or instrumental performances may precede or follow the dance. Nijemo Kolo is traditionally performed at carnivals, fairs, feast days and weddings, and acts as a way for young women and men to meet and get to know each other. Differences in the performance of the Nijemo Kolo from one village to another are also a way for the residents to distinguish their identities. The dance is transmitted from generation to generation, although increasingly this occurs through cultural clubs where its movements have been standardized. Some villages of the Dalmatian hinterland, however, preserve the spontaneous performance of steps and figures. Today, Nijemo Kolo is mostly danced by village performing groups at local, regional or international festivals and at local shows, carnivals or on the saint days of their parish church.

图3 尼杰莫克罗，达尔马提亚内陆地区的无声圆圈舞

中文简介

尼杰莫克罗（“Nijemo Kolo”音译）流传于克罗地亚南部达尔马提亚内陆社区。男舞者用充满活力、即兴自发的舞步带领着女舞伴围成封闭式的环状队形。男舞者公开测试女舞伴的舞蹈技巧，似乎并没有明确的规则。舞者的舞步和姿态往往充满活力，具有很强的感染力，这取决于参与者的心情和愿望。无声圆圈舞的关键特征是它在完全无音乐的条件下进行表演，虽然舞蹈表演前后可能有声乐或器乐表演。该舞蹈传统上是在嘉年华、集市、宗教节日和婚礼上表演，是年轻男女认识和了解对方的一种方式。不同村庄表演该舞蹈的差异也是区分居民身份的一种途径。此舞蹈代代相传，虽然越来越多是通过文化俱乐部传承，在那里，舞蹈动作已被标准化。然而，达尔马提亚内陆的一些村庄保留了即兴表演的舞步和姿态。现今，尼杰莫克罗主要由乡村表演团体在地方、区域或国际节日，以及地方演出、嘉年华或教区教堂圣日时进行表演。

译介项目二十二

雪星基督圣殿朝圣

Pilgrimage to the sanctuary of the Lord of Qoyllurit’i

图4 雪星基督圣殿朝圣

项目基本信息

入选年份：2011

申报国家：秘鲁共和国

名录名册类型：人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录

图5 雪星基督圣殿朝圣

英文简介

The Pilgrimage to the sanctuary of the Lord of Qoyllurit’i combines elements from Catholicism and worship of pre-Hispanic nature deities. It begins fifty-eight days after the Christian celebration of Easter Sunday, when 90,000 people from around Cusco travel to the sanctuary, located in Sinakara hollow. Pilgrims are divided into eight ‘nations’ corresponding to their villages of origin: Paucartambo, Quispicanchi, Canchis, Acomayo, Paruro, Tawantinsuyo, Anta and Urubamba. The pilgrimage includes processions of crosses up and down the snow-capped mountain and a twenty-four hour procession, during which the Paucartambo and Quispicanchi nations carry images of the Lord of Tayancani and the Grieving Virgin to the village of Tayancani to greet the first rays of sunlight. Dance plays a central part in the pilgrimage: a hundred different dances are performed representing the different ‘nations’. The Council of Pilgrim Nations and the Brotherhood of the Lord of Qoyllurit’i direct the pilgrimage activities, its rules and codes of behaviour, and supply food, while pablitos or pabluchas, figures wearing garments of alpaca fibre and woven wool animal masks, maintain order. The pilgrimage encompasses a broad variety of cultural expressions and constitutes a meeting place for communities from different Andean altitudes engaged in different economic activities.

图6 雪星基督圣殿朝圣

中文简介

雪星基督圣殿的朝圣结合了天主教元素和前西班牙自然神的崇拜。它于基督教复活节庆祝活动58天后举行，那时来自库斯科周边的9万人前往位于锡纳卡拉山谷的圣殿。朝圣者分为八个“族”，分别对应各自村落的起源：分别是保卡坦博族、曲斯皮坎奇族、坎特斯族、阿科马约族、帕鲁罗族、塔万廷苏尤族、安塔族、乌鲁班巴族。朝圣活动的内容包括人们举着十字架沿白雪皑皑的山峰竭力爬行，以及持续24小时的朝圣。在此过程中，保卡坦博族和曲斯皮坎奇族的人们抬着塔扬卡尼之主和哭泣的童贞圣母像，前往塔扬卡尼村迎接第一缕阳光。舞蹈在朝圣中起着核心作用：上百种不同的舞蹈表演代表着不同的“族”。朝圣民族理事会和雪星之主兄弟会指导朝圣活动，制定规则和行为准则，并负责提供食物，而“乌库库”穿戴着羊驼毛制作的服装和羊毛编织的动物面具负责维持秩序。朝圣包含了多种多样的文化表现形式，并为来自安第斯山脉不同海拔高度、从事不同经济活动的社区提供了集会场所。