编者按：从本期开始，我们将在以往译介工作基础上，继续开展对联合国教科文组织相关非遗名录项目的翻译介绍，每期更新两个项目。本专题项目简介译文仅供广大读者参考使用，不妥之处，欢迎指正。

译介项目一

萨都，阿拉伯联合酋长国的传统编织技艺

Al Sadu, traditional weaving skills 

in the United Arab Emirates

图1 男子负责剪下羊毛

项目基本信息

入选年份：2011

申报国家：阿拉伯联合酋长国

名录名册类型：急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录

图2 编织所需材料和工具

图3 用经面平纹织法编织

英文简介

Al Sadu is a traditional form of weaving practised by Bedouin women in rural communities of the United Arab Emirates to produce soft furnishings and decorative accessories for camels and horses. Bedouin men shear the sheep, camels and goats, and the wool is cleaned and prepared by the women. The yarn is spun on a drop spindle, then dyed, then woven on a floor loom using a warp-faced plain weave. The traditional colours are black, white, brown, beige and red, with distinctive patterns in the form of narrow bands of geometric designs. Weavers often gather in small groups to spin and weave, exchanging family news and occasionally chanting and reciting poetry. Such gatherings are the traditional means of transmission: girls learn by watching, and are gradually given tasks to do, such as sorting the wool, before learning the more intricate skills involved. However, the rapid economic development and social transformations brought about by the advent of oil in the Emirates have caused a sharp decline in the practice of Al Sadu. The pastoral Bedouin communities have dispersed among urban settlements, and young women increasingly work outside the home. The bearers of Al Sadu are now mostly older women whose numbers are declining.

图4 带状几何设计图案

图5 骆驼上的装饰配件

中文简介

萨都是阿拉伯联合酋长国乡村社区的贝都因妇女所从事的一项传统编织技艺，其制品可用作服饰和室内陈设，也可用于骆驼和马匹的装饰配件。贝都因男子负责剪下绵羊毛、骆驼毛和山羊毛，剪好的毛由妇女负责清洗和准备。首先用一种纺锤将其纺成毛线，经过染色，在可平放置地面的织机上用经面平纹织法编织。织物的传统颜色为黑色、白色、棕色、米色和红色，以细带状的几何设计呈现出特色鲜明的图案。手工艺人经常以小组为单位聚集在一起纺线和编织，交流家庭事务，偶尔吟诵诗歌。这种聚会是该项技艺得以传承的传统方式：女孩子们在观察中学习，并逐渐承担一些任务，比如在学习更复杂的技艺之前先负责分拣毛线。然而，阿联酋石油业崛起带来的经济迅速发展和社会变革导致萨都这项传统编织技艺的急剧衰落。贝都因田园牧歌式的生活社区现已分散在城市定居点，越来越多的年轻女子外出工作。现在萨都技艺的持有者主要是年长的妇女，并且人数也在日益减少。

译介项目二

埃舒瓦，秘鲁胡阿齐派尔人以哈拉克姆巴特语演唱的祈祷歌

Eshuva, Harákmbut sung prayers of Peru’s Huachipaire people

图6 胡阿齐派尔人的生活环境

　　项目基本信息

　　入选年份：2011

　　申报国家：秘鲁

　　名录名册类型：急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录

图7 胡阿齐派尔人演唱祈祷歌

英文简介

The Huachipaire are an indigenous ethnic group speaking the Harákmbut language and living in Peru’s southern Amazon tropical forest. The Eshuva or sung prayer is an expression of Huachipaire religious myths, performed for healing or as part of traditional ceremonies such as the drinking of masato, a traditional beverage made of fermented manioc, and the initiation of new Eshuva singers. According to oral tradition, the Eshuva songs were learned directly from the forest’s animals, and are sung to summon nature spirits to help to alleviate illness or discomfort or promote well-being. Eshuva songs are performed without musical instruments and sung only in the Harákmbut language. As such they play a key role in safeguarding the language and preserving the group’s values and worldview. Transmission takes place orally, with the singer teaching apprentices the specific function of each song according to the ailment it is meant to heal. Eshuva songs are at the risk of being lost, however, since transmission has been interrupted due to lack of interest on the part of Huachipaire youth, recent internal migration and the influence and assimilation of external cultural elements. At present, there are only twelve known singers among the Huachipaire.

图8 胡阿齐派尔人演唱祈祷歌

中文简介

胡阿齐派尔人是生活在秘鲁南部亚马逊热带雨林地区的原住民，他们讲哈拉克姆巴特语。埃舒瓦，即祈祷歌，是胡阿齐派尔人宗教神话的一种表达形式，歌唱的目的是为达到治疗效果，或作为传统仪式表演的一部分，例如饮马萨托酒（马萨托酒是一种传统饮料，由发酵的木薯粉制成），以及埃舒瓦唱诵新人的入会仪式。根据口述传统，埃舒瓦歌曲是直接从森林中的动物那里学来的，人们通过这样的歌唱来召唤自然神灵，以减轻病痛、不适，或提升幸福感。埃舒瓦歌曲是仅用哈拉克姆巴特语演唱的无伴奏歌曲。正因如此，这种祈祷歌在保护民族语言、维护族群的价值观和世界观方面起着关键作用。这项传统以口头方式传承，歌唱者依据需要治疗的病痛，来传授学徒每首歌的特殊功用。然而，由于胡阿齐派尔青年对埃舒瓦缺乏兴趣，加上近年来国内人口流动，以及外部文化元素的影响和同化，埃舒瓦的传承遭到中断，其歌曲现已濒临失传。目前，胡阿齐派尔人中仅有十二位知名歌者。（翻译：李楠 翻译校对：朱颖 英文 / 图片：联合国教科文组织官方网站）